BALHLA VEN NANA IPM

II. BALHLA HMUNA A TICHHETU THLITHLAI

A. Balhla hmuna a tichhetu thlithlai:

     Hei hian a tum ber chu balhla tichhetu inthlahpun tantirh atanga thlithlai, a nasat hmaa tih rem hi a ni. Hemi atan hian huan neitute chu a khat tawka an balhla tichhetu thlithlai tura hrilh hriat tur a ni. Balhla venna chu heng a tichhetute hian a hlauhawm chin ETL an thlen veleh hman nghal tur a ni.

     Balhla hmun fan kual tur a ni. Balhla hmun pakhatah a chuklakin balhla kung 20-25 endik tur a ni. A tichhetu rannung leh natnain balhla a tihchhiat dan ziakin chhinchhiah tur a ni.

     Rannung emaw natna emaw puang thut thei a awm a nih chuan Agri/Horti department chuan chanchinbu, local TV leh Doordarshan TV hmangin loneitute chu balhla hmun ngun taka thlithlai tura hriattir tur a ni.

B. Balhla hmunah eng rannung nge awm tih hriat nana thang (Traps) hman tangkai

     Balhla hmunah eng rannung nge awm tih hre tura rannung man nan pheromone thang emaw pseudostem thang emaw kam tur a ni. Bahla hmun tharah emaw a hluiah emaw rannung manna thang kam runpui chu State-a Horticulture, Agriculture Department-in a hmaa balhla hmun thlithlai laia thil hmuh dan a zirin a huaihawt tur a ni.

Psedostem thang:

     Balhla (kung) kawr, 1ft (30cm) a sei chu balhla hmunah dah thluah tur a ni a, a khupin dah tur a ni. Balhla kung 350 awmnaah chuan hmun 20-ah balhla kawm chu leiah khup tur a ni. Kar khat hnuah chuan a hnuaiah tuaingawt a lo awm anga, thah vek tur a ni. Hetiang deuh bawk hian balhla lak/tuk tawhna a kung lei seh chin chu 1ft a seiin tan tur a ni. A chung lam chu tlema sah khuar tur a ni a, a chungah a kung tanchhum chhah vak lo chuan tlema khuar deuh chu khuh tur a ni a, a inkarah lungtein hmun 3/4 ah kam kan tur, tichuan tuaingawt a lo lut anga, a khat tawkin en tur a ni. Tuaingawt lo biru apiang chu tihhlum tur a ni. Thanga i man rannung reng reng chu eng ang rannung nge tih an hriat theih dawn a ni.

Pheromone thang:

     Balhla bul khertu tuaingawt hip khawm nan rimtui siamchawp, Cosmolure hman tur a ni. Hectare khatah Pheromone thang 4 chauh kam tur a ni a. Hei hian balhla bul chhe tur a veng a, a thar pawh a pun phah a ni. Vau atanga 10 metres a hlaah, 20 metres a inhlat zelin Pheromone thang kam tur a ni a, thla tin 20 metres a hlaah tawlh sawn zel tur a ni a, tichuan balhla hmun pumpuiah Pheromone thang a kam chhuah vek theih a ni.

C. A hlauhawm chin (Economic Threshold Level - ETL)

     Eng ang rannungin nge balhla tichhia tih leh eng ang natna in nge balhla chu tlakbuak tih hre tura balhla hmun tlawh a, thlithlai laia thil hmuh dan azirin a hlauhawm chin ETL a thlen leh thlen loh chhinchiah a, a tichhetu balhla ven dan tur chungchangah balhla hmun neitute chu thurawn pek tur a ni. Balhla tichhetu rannung tam zawk tan ETL hi bithliah a la ni lo a, balhla ven nana ngaihdan siam theih nan a hnuaia rannung tan hian ETL chu bithliah a ni.

III. BALHLA TICHHETU VEN NANA IPM HMAN TURTE

1. Balhla tichhetu rannung suat

A. Loneitu thiamsa

     1. Nipui laia thuk deuh hleka lei lehphut hian leia awm pangang, rannung, buhchium, a tui, natna hrik leh thlairulhut nisaah a pho hlum thin a ni.

     2. Balhla chin zawhah balhla vek a hmun ngaiah chin loh tur a ni a, thlai/thei dang chin ve tur a ni.

     3. Balhla chi hrisel, rannung awm lohna chauh phun tur a ni a, balhla hmun hrisel atanga a chi lak tur a ni.

     4. Balhla chi chu a zung paih fai tur a ni a, a bulbal tuamtu kawr Pawh paih fai tur a ni.

     5. Balhla chi chu phun hmain a bulbal kha damdawiah chiah tur a ni.

     6. Balhla Phun hnu atanga thla 3 chhung chu a hmunfai taka sam tur a ni. Balhla hmun hrim hrim pawh a fai tur ani.

     7. Leia awm thlai rulhut suat nan balhla bulah derhken chin tur a ni.

     8. Balhla (rah/bu) tuk hnuah a kung leh a hnah chu vauah paih vek tur a ni. Changpat khawi chuan a chaw atan balhla kung leh a hnah hi a hman theih bawk.

     9. Balhla tuk tawhna, a kung hlui chu paih dawnin a bul bal atanga kar phawh tur a ni, Tichuan a bulbal leh a kung a tuaingawt kha kan paih tel nghal dawn tihna a ni a. A note (pangang) pawh kan paih tel dawn bawk a ni.

B. Hmanraw dang hman

     1. Balhla hmunah rannung man nan (awh nan) Pheromone thang leh Pseudostem thang kam tur a ni.

     2 Thang a awm tuaingawt chu lakkhawma tihhlum tur a ni.

     3. Balhla tuk hnuah a kung leh a hnah hlui chu tuaingawt a inthlahpun theih loh nan vauah paih/halral tur a ni.

C. Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hman

(i) Balhla kung khertu tuaingawt dum

     1. Balhla (chi) Phun atanga thla 6-na leh 7-naah Moncrotophos @ 2ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh siama, tiang hmawrah pawnchhiaa tawnbeh chu chiaha, chu chuan balhla kung Chu hruk/zut a ni.

     2. Balhla phun thar ni atanga chhiara thla 7-naa tuaingawt in a eichhiat balhla kung kan hmuh chuan balhla kung dang zawng zawng chu Monocrotophos 150ml leh tui 350ml chawhpawlh kah luh tur a ni a, kung khatah 2ml Zel kah luh (injection) tur a ni. Rannung thahna hlo (Monocrotophos) hi balhla kung khatah hmun 2 zelah kahluh tur a ni a, 300 a awnin vihluh tur a ni a, pakhatna chu lei atanga 2ft a sangah kah luh tur a ni a, pahnihna lei atanga 4ft a sangah kahluh tur a ni.

(ii) Balhla bulbal khertu tuaingawt

     Balhla Phun thar ni atanga chhiara thla 3-na, 5-na, 7-naah Carbofuran 3G chu balhla bul leiah phul tur a ni a, bul khatah 20gm zel phul tur a ni a, bul khatah 20mg zel phul tur a ni. (Saranga kut tuam tur a ni).

(iii) Balhla hnah eitu pangang

     Malathion @ 2ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlhin balhla hnah kah tur a ni.

2. Thlai rulhut suat

(i) Balhla zung hreuhtu rulhut

A. Loneitu thiamsa

     (1) Balhla tuk hnuah thla 3 chhung balhla ching zui lova dah hian thlai rulhut a tlem thei a, thla 5 chhung lai balhla phun thar loa dah a, tui chim tir phei chu thlai rulhut a tih rem bakah leia awm natna hrik (Fusarium spp) a rem thei bawk a ni. (India ram hmun thenkhatah chuan balhla hi a kumhlunin an dah ve lova, a hmun ngaiah kumtin an phun thar leh thin a ni)

     2) Thlai rulhut a tlem theih nan balhla hmunah oil cake thehdarh tur a ni.

     3) Balhla Phun laiin khur khatah Neem cake 400gm phul tur a ni a, phun atanga thla 4-naah balhla kung tinah Neem cake 400gm zel phul leh tur a ni, hei hian rulhut (R.similis) a tih tlem bakah balhla bu a rit tha duh bik a ni.

     4) Balhla china seng hnuah buh, fu, chana hring, la leh aieng te chin hian leia awm thlai rulhut a tlem phaha, balhla pawh a thar hlawk a ni.

     5) Neem rah mu densawm tui sawr hi thlai rulhut (R.similis) hian a haw hle bawk.

     6) Balhla kara Crotaloaria juncea chin hian thlai rulhut (R.similis) a tlem thei a, balhla a thang thaa, a thar pawh a hlawk a ni.

B. Balhla chi tui saa chiah

     Balhla chi chu a kawr tuaifaia, a zung paih a tihfai vek hnuah tui sa, (50-550C) ah minute 30 chiah tur a ni, tichuan balhla chi-a thlai rulhut awm chu a thi vek dawn a ni.

C. Thilnung tangkai

     (1) Balhla hmun lei leh balhla zung a thlai rulhut awm suattu atan heng thil nung (fungi & bacteria) te hi a tangkai hle a ni:- Paecilomyces lilacinus, Vesicular Arboscular Mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum leh Bacterium - Pasteuria penerrans.

     (2) Balhla hmun lei leh balhla zunga thlai rulhut awm suat nana tha chu Neem cake leh Glomus mosseae chawhpawlh chu bul khat zelah phul tur a ni.

D. Balhla chi tha(Resistant varieties), thlai rulhut do theite

     Pisang batau, Pisang Jari Buaya, Pisang Edor Kuda, Mysore, Hybrid SH-3142, Kadali (aA), Pedalimoongi/(AAB), Kunnan (AAB), Ey. Kunnan (AAB), Ariankai Poovan (AB), Pisang Sribu (AA), Tongat (AA), Venettu Kunan (AB), Anaikomban, Yelakkibale, Ayirankai Poovan, Karapuravally Palayankodan. (Heng balhla chi tha te hi Mizoramah kan la hmelhriat rih lo, vai ram a mi a ni ber.)

E. Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hman

     1. Rulhut laka a him nan leh a thar hlawk nan Balhla chi chu tuai fai tur a ni a, phun dawnah bul tinah Carbofuran 3G @ 20gm zel phul tur a ni.

     2. Neem hriak @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlhah phun hmain balhla bul chu 10 minutes chiah tur a ni, tichuan thlai rulhut lakah a him thei.

     3. Phun laia Carbofuran 3G phul bakah a hnuah thla 3 danah vawi 2 phul leh tur a ni, bul khatah 2gm Zel phul tur a ni.

     4. Balhla chi chu a bulbal te tuaifai vek hnuah Monocrotophos @ 2ml leh tui 1 line chawhpawlhah 30 minutes chiah tur a ni a, phun hmain daihlimah darkar 72 chhung dah hul tur a ni.

(ii) Balhhla zung tihliamtu rulhut (Root lesion nematode, R.coffeae):

     1. Balhla zung hreuhtu rulhut (R.similis) leh a zung tihliamtu rulhut (R.coffene) te hi an inthlahpun dan leh balhla zung an tichhiat dan hi a in ang hle a , hei vang hian a hmaa tarlan tawh, balhla zung hreuhtu rulhut suatna kawng hrang hrangte kha balhla zung tihliamtu rulhut suat nan hian a tangkai ve vek a ni (Balhla chi tha tel lovin).

     2. Balhla tiak/chi phun lai hian a khur tinah Carbofuran 3G@50gm zel phul tur a ni a, a hnuah thla 3 danah tum 2 balhla bul tinah Carbofuran 3G chu @50gm zel phul leh tur ni. (Saranga kut tuam chungin carbofuran 3G hi khawih tur a ni, kutlawnga khawih loh tur a ni).

     3. Balhla zung tihliamtu rulhut (R.coffeae) do thei deuh balhla chi tha te chu heng te hi a ni:- Kunnan, Vennettu Kunnan, Tongat, Pey Kunnan, Then Kunnan, Nattu Poovan, Karpuravalli, Pidi Monthan, Chirapunji, hybirds 74.

(iii) Thlai rulhut invial chi (Spiral nematodes Helicotylenchus multicinctus)

     1. Balhla zung hreuhtu rulhut (R.similis) suat nan a hman kawng hrang hrang (Chemical & Non-chemical methods) kha he thlai rulhut invial chi suat nan pawh hian a tangkai ve vek a ni. (Balhla chi tha tel lovin)

     2. Balhla chi tha, thar hlawk zingah heng a hnuaia mi te hi rulhut invial chi do thei deuh te chu a ni:- H.74 (Matti x Pisang Lilin), H.94 (Mattix Tongat), H 100, H 106, H 109 (All Matti x Tongat), Ney Vannan, Sirumalai, Peyan, Gross Michel, Karpuravalli, Robusta, Rasthali, Kunnan, Kullan, Vennettu Kunnan.(Heng balhla chi tha hi Mizoramah a la awm lo, vai ram a mi vek a ni).

     3. India hmarchhaka thlai rulhut invial chi chi khat., H. dihystera do thei balhla chi tha te chu heng te hi a ni:- Pat kapuria Mendhi, Kathia, Athiakol.

(iv) Balhla zung tisawrbawktu rulhut (Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita):

     1. Balhla zung hreuhtu rulhut (R.similis) balhla ven nana hman, balhla chi tui saa chiah leh rannung thahna hlo leh tui inpawlha chiah te kha balhla zung tisawrbawktu laka balhla ven nan a tha ve tho a ni.

     2. He balhla zung tisawrbawktu rulhut do thei deuh balhla chi te chu heng te hi a ni:- Alaswe, Dakadakan, Inambak, Pastilan, Pugpogon, Miamauli, Paa Dalaga, Sinker, Vinte cohol, Patkkapur, mendi, Kothia.

     3. Balhla natna ven dan leh enkawl dan

(i) Balhla kung vuai/thi leh a hnah rau (wilt)

     1. Heng balhla chi tha te hian he natna hi an haw bik a, chin loh/phun loh tur a ni. Rasthali, Karpuravlli, Monthan, Kadalii, Rasakdali, Ney Poovan, Virupakshi etc.

     2. Balhla china seng/tuk zawhah buh or fu chin tur a ni. (India ram hmun dang tam takah chuan balhla hi kumtin an phun thar thin a, Mizoramah chuan vawikhat phun hi kum 4/5 an enkawl zui a, a rem thlengin an enkawl thin).

     3. He natna a hluarna hmunah chuan balhla chi tha, natna do thei chin tur a ni, chungte chu Robusta, Nendran, Poova.

     4. He natna vei lo, balhla hmun atang chauhin balhla chi hrisel lak tur a ni.

     5. Natna vei balhla chi chu hmun danga phun atan lak loh tur.

     6. Balhla chi chu a zung paih faia, a bul bal tuai fai vek tur a ni. Hetia tih hnu hian phun dawnah balhla chi chu damdawi tuiah 30 minutes chiah tur a ni. Damdawi tui chu hetiang hian siam tur a ni: Tui 1litre leh carbendazim 2gm leh Monocrotophos 14ml chawhpawlh tur a ni. Damdawi tuia balhla chi chiah hnuah phun tur a ni.

     7. He natna vei balhla kung chu kar a, halral tur a ni.

     8. Hmanrua eng pawh, chem, chemkawm, tuthlawh leh tuthulh/tumparang/thirtiang te reng reng, balhla hmuna hman tur chu silfai vek tur, tichuan hrik a darh dawn lo a ni.

     9. Fur laia tuihawk a luan bo zung zung theihna balhla hmunah tui luankawr,thuk vaklo siam tur a ni.

     10. Thla 2 dan zelah balhla bul (leia inphum) chu Carbendazim @2gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh chu balhla bulbal (corm) ah ah injectionna hriau hmangin chiu luh tur a ni.

     11. Thil nung tangkai (Bioagents-Trichoderma viride/T.harzianum), a phuta siam chu balhla phun dawnin a khurah 15gm zel phul tur a ni a, a hnuah balhla bul khatah 15gm zel tho phul leh tur a ni a, phun atanga thla 3-na, 5-na leh 7-naah phul tur a ni. Chung thil nung tangkai, a phuta siam hman tur te chi heng te hi a ni;-Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis.

(ii) A hnah de dum (Sigatoka leaf spot)

     (1) He natna vanga balhla hnah rau chu paihfai vek tur.

     (2) Balhla chawr zinga a hnah nei ho reng reng (water sucker) chu paihfai zel tur. Fai taka balhla hmun sam tur. A hun takah a mamawh tawk lei tihthatna pek tur.

     (3) He natna a lanchhuah veleh natna damdawi Carbendazim leh Calixin (50:50) chawhpawlh @2gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh in kah tur a ni.

(iii) A hnah rau natna (Anthracnose)

     (1) Balhla kung, a hnah leh a rah tih pem loh tur a ni, a hnah hnuailam ro hmasa apiang paihfai tur, balhla tuk hnuah balhla bu or thlar chu fimkhur takin polythene ip chhungah khung tur a ni.

     (2) Balhlain he natna hi a vei chuan Carbendazim @ 2gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh in kah tur a ni, ni 15 dan zelah tum li (4) kah tur a ni.

(iv) A bul bal tawih/a zik no tawih (Corm rot/head or tiprot)

     (1) He natna hi balhla phun hlim hian a vei duh hle, a changin a bul bal a tawih a, a changin a zik a tawih thung a, balhla kual leh bantawi hian he natna hi an vei duh hle, a bikin Mizoram ang ruahtui tamna, lei changtual, bellei ang chiah hian hetiang natna hi a tam duh. Chuvangin fur hma ngeiin balhla hi phun thar tur a ni.

     (2) Balhla phun thar bul chu heng a hnuaia damdawi tui engemaw zawk zawk hian hnah thar a chhuah velah leih tur a ni.

     (a) Bleaching Powder @2gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh

(v) Virus natna chi hrang hrang (Viral diseases) Heng a hnuaia inven dan kawng hrang hrang te hi natna a darh zau zel loh nan zawm tur a ni.

     (1) Balhlachi (a tiak) chu natna kai lo, natna laka fihlim, hrisel thatak nise.

     (2) Balhla chi lakna balhla kung (a hung) chu chhinchhiah tur a ni.

     (3) Balhla chingtute tan virus natna laka fihlim balhla chi tihpunna pek tur a ni.

     (4) Balhla hmuna virus natna vei balhla kung/hung awm apiang chu kar phawh a hal ral tur a ni.

     (5) Hnim thenkhatah virus natna a awm theih avangin balhla hmun leh vau chu samfai tur a ni.

     (6) Virus thehdarhtu rannung chi hrang hrang suat nan a khat tawkin balhla chu rannung thahna hlo (Systemic insecticides) in kah thin tur a ni.

     (7) Tunah hian balhla vui hmuam/tumbu virus natna hi Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Karnataka leh Andhra Pradesh-ah a hluar tawh hle a, India ram state danga he virus natna hi a darh zel loh nan heng state atanga balhla chi lakchhuah khapna dan hi khauh taka hman nise. (Domestic Quarantine regulations).

4. Hnim suat

A. Loneitu thiamsa

     (1) Balhla phun hmain fai taka a hmun sam tur a ni. (India ram state dang, ram zawl awmna hmunah chuan balhla hmun tur lei chu an let phut hmasa a, hnim zung an paihfai vek thin)

     (2) Balhla hmun thar siam kum chuan balhla phun kumah balhla karah thlai chi hrang hrang chin tur a ni.

     (3) Leia hnawng awm nisain a em hian ahu-ah a kalral nasa lutuk a, lei a ro thin. Hemi ven nan hian balhla bul inkar a hmun awl chu balhla hnah leh a kung chansawm leh polythene dum hlaiin khuh tur a ni.

     (4) Balhla phun thar kum chuan a theih ang ang in hlo thlawhfai tur a ni, a bik takin phun atanga thla ruk chhung hian hlo thlawh uluk leh zual tur a ni.

B. Hlo tur hman

     (1) Balhla phun hnu, hnim to chhuah hmain heng a hnuaia hnim tur engemaw ber hi balhla hmunah kah tur a ni a, balhla kah fuh loh tur a ni. Alachlor, hectare khatah 9 litres @ 3ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh. Gramoxone, hectare khatah 1.8 litres @ 2 ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh. Hnim a to that hnu, a len hma siin Glyphosate, hectare khatah 1.5 litres @ 1 ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh kah tur ani.

     (2) Thang leh di lam chi suat nan Diuron, hectare khatah 3kg a tawk a, chu chu tui 1200 litres nen chawhpawlh hnuah kah tur a ni. (@ 2.5ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh)

     (3) Diuron kah zawh, thla 6 hnuah Glyphosate or Gramoxone kah leh tur a ni, hectare khatah 1.5 litres a tawka, chu chu tui 1200 litres nen chawhpawlh hnuah kah tur a ni a, hnah bial chi ho suat nan a tangkai hle a ni (@ 1.2 ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh)

V. BALHLA THAN LEN DAN ANG ZELA IPM HMAN TURTE